Actually, you’re getting the exact result that I would have expected. A deformation applies to your unmasked space. So if you’ve masked everywhere except the pole, then your inflate command will only happen on the pole itself. It will work slightly differently depending upon which of the XYZ modifiers you’ve selected, but the general result would be exactly what you’ve described.
If you’re wanting to inflate everything EXCEPT the poles, then you need to invert your mask so that only the poles are masked. Also, make sure that XYZ are all orange so that the deformation acts in all directions.
If that’s not what you’re wanting to achieve, it would be helpful to know exactly what you are trying to do. It’s hard to suggest a good approach without knowing that. 
Hope this helps, anyway.